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Matthew 4:12-17

触景生情

By October 9, 2016Combined 联合3 min read

Sermon Discussion

Matthew 4: 12 When Jesus heard that John had been put in prison, he withdrew to Galilee.13 Leaving Nazareth, he went and lived in Capernaum, which was by the lake in the area of Zebulun and Naphtali— 14 to fulfill what was said through the prophet Isaiah:
15 “Land of Zebulun and land of Naphtali,
the Way of the Sea, beyond the Jordan,
Galilee of the Gentiles—
16 the people living in darkness
have seen a great light;
on those living in the land of the shadow of death
a light has dawned.”
17 From that time on Jesus began to preach, “Repent, for the kingdom of heaven has come near.”
12 耶稣听见约翰下了监,就退到加利利去; 13 后又离开拿撒勒,往迦百农去,就住在那里。那地方靠海,在西布伦和拿弗他利的边界上。14 这是要应验先知以赛亚的话说: 15 “西布伦地、拿弗他利地,就是沿海的路,约旦河外,外邦人的加利利地, 16 那坐在黑暗里的百姓看见了大光,坐在死荫之地的人有光发现照着他们。”
17 从那时候,耶稣就传起道来,说:“天国近了,你们应当悔改!”

大家看得出这是什么地方吗?这是我们的旧国家图书馆。现在只剩下两根小柱子。为的是要建背后那个福康宁通道而被拆毁了。政府当时还说这个建筑物没有建筑设计价值,所以无需保留。[1] 从1998年这件事正式被公布以后,公众的反应非常强烈,议论纷纷,想要保留这个建筑物。但三年的协商还是无效。2000年马宝山部长说政府一定要拆,2004年就拆掉了。这件事可以说是唤醒了国人对保留历史性建筑物的意识。其实,新加坡的迅速发展和改变已不是一朝一夕的事了,为什么这次会有这么大反应呢?我们有一句话叫“触景生情”:受到眼前景物的触动,引起联想,产生各种的感情。且不说旧国家图书馆有没有建筑设计价值,对于许多国人而言,即刻联想到的,是父母带孩子去借书的亲情,同学们在那一起读书的友情,和文青的男女在那里约会的爱情。这才是这栋建筑物真正的价值。所以如今,我每次使用那个福康宁通道,所联想到的,反而是这冷酷无情的社会变迁。每个地方,每个景色,总有它独特的记忆和故事。

马太在重写福音书的时候,很清楚这点。让我们对比一下:
马可1:14 约翰下监以后,耶稣来到加利利,宣传神的福音, 15 说:“日期满了,神的国近了!你们当悔改,信福音!”
Mark 1: 14 After John was put in prison, Jesus went into Galilee, proclaiming the good news of God. 15 “The time has come,” he said. “The kingdom of God has come near. Repent and believe the good news!”
12 耶稣听见约翰下了监,就退到加利利去; 13 后又离开拿撒勒,往迦百农去,就住在那里。那地方靠海,在西布伦和拿弗他利的边界上。14 这是要应验先知以赛亚的话说: 15 “西布伦地、拿弗他利地,就是沿海的路,约旦河外,外邦人的加利利地, 16 那坐在黑暗里的百姓看见了大光,坐在死荫之地的人有光发现照着他们。”
17 从那时候,耶稣就传起道来,说:“天国近了,你们应当悔改!”
Matthew 4: 12 When Jesus heard that John had been put in prison, he withdrew to Galilee.13 Leaving Nazareth, he went and lived in Capernaum, which was by the lake in the area of Zebulun and Naphtali— 14 to fulfill what was said through the prophet Isaiah:
15 “Land of Zebulun and land of Naphtali,
the Way of the Sea, beyond the Jordan,
Galilee of the Gentiles—
16 the people living in darkness
have seen a great light;
on those living in the land of the shadow of death
a light has dawned.”
17 From that time on Jesus began to preach, “Repent, for the kingdom of heaven has come near.”

对比后,很明显,马太借用马可的叙述重写这段故事的时候,加进了一段关于加利利的历史。为什么呢?马太是写给自己的犹太同胞。马太不单是自己,同时也要同胞们触景生情。每颗心上,某一个地方,总有个记忆挥不散。马太的叙述方式果然画龙点睛,微微的一个提点却把神与以色列子民的漫长岁月,和耶稣的出现,两者紧扣在一起。

这样的呈现方式,在马太第二章,表达得淋漓尽致。
耶稣降生伯利恒。当提到伯利恒,马太就引用先知弥迦:
6 ‘犹大地的伯利恒啊,你在犹大诸城中并不是最小的,因为将来有一位君王要从你那里出来,牧养我以色列民。’”
Matthew 2: 6 “‘But you, Bethlehem, in the land of Judah,
are by no means least among the rulers of Judah;
for out of you will come a ruler
who will shepherd my people Israel.’”
Micah 5:2,4 [2] 耶稣虽出生小伯利恒城,但那里却承载了神对大卫的后代的应许。从卑微贫寒的小城,神可以带来尊贵荣耀。

约瑟一家过后就落难到埃及,马太这时引用先知何西阿:
15 “我从埃及召出我的儿子来。”
Matthew 2: 15 “Out of Egypt I called my son.”
Hosea 11:1[3] 想到埃及,让我们回顾过去,落难又有何妨?神亲自拯救属于自己的孩子。

约瑟一家是幸免了,但现场却引来大屠杀。当提及希律王的迫害和残杀,马太引用了先知耶利米:
18 “在拉玛听见号啕大哭的声音,是拉结哭她儿女,不肯受安慰,因为他们都不在了。”
Matthew 2: 18 “A voice is heard in Ramah,
weeping and great mourning,
Rachel weeping for her children
and refusing to be comforted,
because they are no more.”
Jer. 31:15 [4] 拉玛是古时犹太人等待被放逐到巴比伦前的最后一站(耶利米40)。就在这象征绝望的情境,鼓励读者期待神所带来的希望。

最后,约瑟从埃及回来又躲避到拿撒勒,马太这时引用众先知,尤其是以赛亚:
23 这是要应验众先知所说“他将称为拿撒勒人”的话了。
Matthew 2: 23 So was fulfilled what was said through the prophets, that he would be called a Nazarene.
Isaiah 53:3 [5] 拿撒勒人和以赛亚53章受苦的仆人是同音字。马太提醒我们,哪个神的仆人没委屈?大多数都经历被藐视的时候。拿撒勒人这个称号,成为耶稣卧薪尝胆的记号。
如此一来,马太引导他的犹太同胞们,跟着耶稣故事里的每个地方回忆过去。也同时对于耶稣以后将发生的事故寄予厚望。伯利恒是大卫王的家乡,耶稣承载了降生伯利恒的应许。埃及是我们国民的起点,耶稣承载了出埃及的呼召。拉玛是我们的悲痛,耶稣承载了绝处逢生的盼望。拿撒勒是一个笑柄,耶稣竟然也承载了如同众古先知一样忍辱负重的决心。

今天的经文,故事来到了迦百农,是加利利海边的小渔村。耶稣选择在这里开始他事工的起点。这就好像你要开店,你的旗舰店不是开在乌节路,不是滨海湾,而是在乌敏岛开店。耶稣的信息是“天国近了,你们应当悔改!”耶稣要在加利利海边开始建国。在这样一个关键时刻,马太再次触景生情,引用以赛亚书第9章。这当然不是偶然的。而且是意义非凡。加利利这个地方也有它的故事。
先知以赛亚预言,9:但那受过痛苦的,必不再见幽暗。从前神使西布伦地和拿弗他利地被藐视,末后却使这沿海的路,约旦河外,外邦人的加利利地,得着荣耀。2 在黑暗中行走的百姓看见了大光,住在死荫之地的人有光照耀他们。
Isaiah 9: Nevertheless, there will be no more gloom for those who were in distress. In the past he humbled the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, but in the future he will honor Galilee of the nations, by the Way of the Sea, beyond the Jordan— 2 The people walking in darkness have seen a great light; on those living in the land of deep darkness a light has dawned.
我们不是古时候的以色列子民,不像他们可以对加利利触景生情。所以,给我一点时间讲故事。

加利利就是当年的北国以色列。当年的以色列王比加和亚兰王利汛合谋攻打南国犹大。(参以赛亚书7章)先知以赛亚就劝勉犹大王亚哈斯,你要依靠耶和华,不要怕他们。很可惜,犹大王亚哈斯选择投靠当时强大的亚述帝国。[6] 后来,北国以色列和亚兰果然都被亚述消灭了。这就以赛亚所讲的“从前神使西布伦地和拿弗他利地被藐视”。可是,亚述是豺狼,吞并了以色列和亚兰后,就对犹大国虎视眈眈。这时犹大王亚哈斯已经死了。以赛亚就对新王希西家再次劝勉要依靠神。这就是下半句的预言“末后却使这沿海的路,约旦河外,外邦人的加利利地,得着荣耀。”还好,希西家还算听劝,靠着耶和华保住了犹大国。但是,希西家还是有软弱的时候。驱逐了亚述,却又引来了巴比伦。(参以赛亚书39章)到头来,希西家的王朝跟加利利得荣耀的理想还是差距甚远。

在同样的以赛亚第9章,以赛亚其实表达了神真正理想的君王 :[7] 6 因有一婴孩为我们而生,有一子赐给我们,政权必担在他的肩头上。他名称为奇妙、策士、全能的神、永在的父、和平的君。 7 他的政权与平安必加增无穷,他必在大卫的宝座上治理他的国,以公平、公义使国坚定稳固,从今直到永远。万军之耶和华的热心必成就这事。
Isaiah 9: 6 For to us a child is born,
to us a son is given,
and the government will be on his shoulders.
And he will be called
Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God,
Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.
7 Of the greatness of his government and peace
there will be no end.
He will reign on David’s throne
and over his kingdom,
establishing and upholding it
with justice and righteousness
from that time on and forever.
The zeal of the Lord Almighty
will accomplish this.

在加利利这个地方,马太刻意引用以赛亚第9章触景生情,这是对犹太同胞的肺腑之言。耶稣就在这个关键的时刻宣告“天国近了。”这个关键的地方,耶稣以真光照耀所有的黑暗“你们应当悔改!”但这个地方也就是神的子民一个关键的抉择点。他们究竟要什么样的王?是运用权谋的王?还是信靠神的王。马太要借用这个地方让同胞们触景生情。回忆起当年,亚哈斯王和希西家王就是前车之鉴。加利利是可以再次得荣耀。但重点是要认清那真正的王。弟兄姐妹,你们呢?你们要耶稣作你们的王吗?“天国近了,你们应当悔改!”让我们来启应这段神的应许:
6 因有一婴孩为我们而生,有一子赐给我们,政权必担在他的肩头上。他名称为奇妙、策士、全能的神、永在的父、和平的君。 7 他的政权与平安必加增无穷,他必在大卫的宝座上治理他的国,以公平、公义使国坚定稳固,从今直到永远。万军之耶和华的热心必成就这事。
Isaiah 9: 6 For to us a child is born,
to us a son is given,
and the government will be on his shoulders.
And he will be called
Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God,
Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.
7 Of the greatness of his government and peace
there will be no end.
He will reign on David’s throne
and over his kingdom,
establishing and upholding it
with justice and righteousness
from that time on and forever.
The zeal of the Lord Almighty
will accomplish this.

Resources and references used in sermon:

[1] “it was not of great architectural merit and should not be conserved.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_National_Library_Building [2]“马太就提到了这么一个很不起眼的小城:伯利恒城。祭司长和民间的文士应用了弥迦书 5。也许就在群雄逐鹿的疯狂时代,大家都被权势、兵力、政治手段所迷惑了。伯利恒这么一个微不足道的小城,在大城市、军事堡垒、古文明重地之间,却形成了强烈的对比。” http://www.jubilee.org.sg/sermons/?sermon_id=582 [3] “The way Matthew expressed this simple truth was to use the story of Jesus as a reminder of the story of Israel. Matthew recalled Israel’s story through prophet Hosea’s words: “Out of Egypt I called my son.” Just as how Joseph’s family escaped into and out of Egypt, Israel was also saved by God through Egypt and from Egypt. What happened to Jesus was a reminiscence of the Exodus. Israel is God’s son because it is God who called it into being. In quoting Hosea, Matthew was noting Hosea’s stress on God’s love and loyalty to his people.” http://www.jubilee.org.sg/sermons/?sermon_id=583 [4] “Then in Jesus’ story, 16 Herod gave orders to kill all the boys in Bethlehem and its vicinity who were two years old and under. Again, Matthew recalled Israel’s story through the words of Jeremiah. 18 “A voice is heard in Ramah, weeping and great mourning.” Yes, the world has time and again sought to destroy and extinguish Israel. Wasn’t it a similar desperate and deadly scenario at Ramah, as the people prepared themselves to be exiled to Babylon with no hopes of ever returning to their land? But in the same context in Jeremiah 31, it was an oracle of joy and hope.” http://www.jubilee.org.sg/sermons/?sermon_id=583 [5] Thus the word "Nazarene" carries with it an allusion to those prophecies which speak of Christ as "despised of men" (Isa. 53:3). Upon careful reflection, other Old Testament passages have also indicated that Christ will be despised, humiliated and hated: Psa. 22:6-8; 69:8; Isa 49:7. This is why Matthew says Jesus’ withdrawal to Nazareth is a fulfillment of the prophets. To say you are a Nazarene would be personally humiliating and degrading. It would cause people to look down on you, just as Isaiah 53 says. There are 2 other interpretations for this verse besides Isaiah 53. Some think that in this name there is an allusion to the Hebrew netser, which signifies a branch or sprout. It is so applied to the Messiah (Isa. 11:1), i.e., he whom the prophets called the Netse, the "Branch." (Easton's Bible dictionary, Nazarene) Others point to a passage in the Book of Judges which refers to Samson as a Nazirite, a word that is just one letter off from " Nazarene (Nazorean or Nazaraean)" in Greek. I disagree with these interpretations because if these passages are intended, then Matthew would have used a direct quotation with the actual name Netse or Nazirite. All other OT quotations of Matthew have been so. The lack of which indicates that Matthew is using Nazarene as a despised nickname alluding to the despised Suffering Servant. [6] The historical context of the passage is the Syro-Ephraimite War (See 2 Kings 16). Aram and Israel were tributary nations of Assyria, trying to break free by combining forces with Judah. When King Ahaz of Judah refused, King Rezin of Aram and King Pekah of Israel allied with each other to attack Judah in order to depose Ahaz. Instead of trusting in God, Ahaz chose to trust in the immensely superior military strength of Assyria to survive this attack, through paying a tribute to Assyria using treasures from the Temple in Jerusalem and the royal treasury, becoming their vassal, and even importing their religion by building idols of the Assyrian gods. This led to the invasion from Assyria, led by Tiglath-pileser III, first of Syria, then of Israel which includes the lands mentioned in Isaiah 8:23 (“the land of Zebulun and Naphtali” is equivalent to “the Way of the Sea (Dor), the land beyond the Jordan (Gilead), Galilee of the nations (Megiddo)”). But the ambition of Assyria was not abated and the invasion continued south, even into the lands of Judah. By the time this happened, Ahaz had died and the new king was Hezekiah. Hezekiah chose to trust in the Lord, and the siege of Jerusalem was repelled when the Assyrian army was destroyed by a plague. In the midst of all these, Isaiah played a prophetic role in convincing Ahaz not to be afraid of the Aramic-Israelite alliance and to trust in the Lord. When that failed, Isaiah then prophesied of a new Davidic king that would repel the Assyrian forces when the invasion of Judah finally arrived. Isaiah 9:1-7 is therefore speaking of the enthronement of Hezekiah, the one who (unlike Ahaz) chose to trust in God over foreign powers (with Egypt as a possibility). Significance of the Historical Context: The content of Isaiah 8:23-9:6 is about an act of divine salvation from foreign oppression and invasion. This salvation is related to the enthronement of a just and wise king. With the historical context in mind, we can see how this prophecy is manifested in history when Hezekiah’s trust in the Lord repelled the invading Assyrian army. Theologically, Isaiah’s call to trust in the Lord instead of foreign powers and mediums and sorcerers is proven trustworthy. Ahaz’s faithlessness led to the subjugation of Judah by the Assyrian empire, while Hezekiah’s faithfulness saved Judah from the fall of the kingdom. History has demonstrated the differing outcomes of this choice of trust, and God’s salvation indeed arrived for his people through the promise of a Davidic king. [7]The form of Isaiah 8:23-9:6 is a royal psalm of thanksgiving, with 9:5-6 used especially during the coronation of a king. Therefore, 8:23-9:2 is the call to praise because of the expected change of fortunes because of the new king. 9:3-4 gives the reasons for this praise, which is the defeat of the oppressors and enemies. And finally 9:5-6 speaks of the qualities of this king and his kingdom. Given the nature of this form, we can see how this can be directly applied to Hezekiah’s context, but also reused later to hail the inauguration of Josiah or of the future Messiah after the exile. They will fulfill the divine promises of freedom from oppression through a rule of peace and righteousness. Since this psalm is used for the inauguration of a king, we should expect that the freedom from oppression to be a future event, and the birth of the child to be a past event. This highlights the choice that is before the Davidic king: how is he to become to become the hope of his people? Will he trust in the Lord’s guidance and salvation? Furthermore, the names of the child would take on meanings that are related to kingship. He is to do wondrous acts with wise counsel (see tunnels in 2 Kings 20:20), his might lies in protecting his people, his fatherhood refers to his providence of his people’s needs and his peace is both about national stability as well as the holistic well-being of Judah.

About the Speaker
  • Rev. Wong Siow Hwee | 王晓晖牧师

    Rev. Wong is currently serving as a pastor in the children and young family ministries, as well as the LED and worship ministries. 王晓晖牧师目前担任儿童和青年家庭事工,LED以及崇拜事工的牧师。

    More sermons from this speaker 更多该讲员的讲道: 'Rev. Wong Siow Hwee | 王晓晖牧师'